Risk factors for non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
A risk factor is something, such as a behavior, a substance or a State, which increases the risk of developing a cancer. Most cancers are attributable to many factors of risk, but sometimes the non Hodgkin (NHL) Lymphoma develops in people who do not present any of the risk factors described below.
The NHL risk increases with age. The NHL is more common among the elderly in their 60s or older. In general, the NHL most often reached the man and woman, but some specific types of NHL are more frequent in women.
The following are factors of risk of NHL. Most of the known and possible risk factors are not editable. This means that you can not change them. Now that we know more about these risk factors there is no specific way to reduce your risk.
Risk factors are usually sorted from most important to least important. But in most cases, it is impossible to classify them with absolute certainty.
Known risk factors
Convincing evidence to say that the following factors increase your risk of NHL.
Weakened immune system
A person whose immune system is weakened more likely to be diagnosed with NHL. When you are born, it is possible that your immune system was already damaged, so-called congenital immune deficiency. He may also have been damaged during your lifetime, what is called acquired immune deficiency. The time your immune system has been damaged does not change your risk of NHL.
The following factors can weaken your immune system.
Immunosuppressive drugs
Immunosuppressive drugs affect the immune system in a way that he reacts not as it would normally. These drugs are administered after an organ transplant so that the immune system of the person who receives them does not attack the transplanted organ.
The person taking immunosuppressive drugs after transplant of a full body, such as a kidney, heart or liver, is more likely to be diagnosed with NHL. A person who takes these drugs for another condition like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or inflammatory bowel disease, is also more likely to be diagnosed with NHL. But their risk is lower than that of the person taking immunosuppressive drugs after an organ transplant.
HIV and AIDS
HIV / AIDS weakens the immune system. A person of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) or AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) patient risk more for certain types of NHL. There is less Lymphoma related to AIDS or infection to HIV because drugs are developed to treat them.
Immunodeficiency disorders
Immunodeficiency disorder affects the natural ability of the immune system to defend against infection. The person who suffers from an immunodeficiency disorder has often infections that may be serious or unusual. It is also more likely of some types of cancer.
You can submit an immunodeficiency disorder at birth. This type of disorder is usually hereditary, meaning that it is transmitted from parents to children. Immunodeficiency disorder may also appear during your lifetime. He's acquired. It can be caused by another disorder or a treatment that inhibits the immune system. Hereditary immunodeficiency disorders are very rare, but those that are acquired are somewhat more common.
How NHL develops depends on the specific disorder and part of the immune system it affects. Following immunodeficiency disorders do increase the risk of NHL.
Ataxia-Telangiectasia (AT) is a rare hereditary disorder. It causes abnormalities in the part of the brain called the cerebellum, which creates problems of muscle coordination called ataxia. The person with AT have disorders of the nervous system that will gradually increase over time. The AT is also increase volume small blood vessels (dilation of the capillaries or telangiectasia) or appear veins spider, especially in the eyes and on the ears.
The syndrome of Wiskott-Aldrich (SWA) is a rare hereditary disorder. It generally reaches only boys. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome reduced the number of platelets (thrombocytopenia), which causes bleeding disorders. It also engenders infections of the respiratory system and a skin condition called eczema.
The hypogammaglobulinaemia to variable expression is an acquired disorder. It can lead to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. It can also cause disorders of the digestive tract and lung infections repeatedly.
The severe combined immune deficiency (scid) is a very rare hereditary immunodeficiency disorder, and it is the most serious. It causes infections yeast in the mouth called thrush, diarrhea and pneumonia in infants and young children.
Lymphoproliferatif syndrome linked to the X chromosome is a very rare hereditary disorder. Children with this disorder have a very serious Infectious Mononucleosis due to Epstein-Barr virus infection. Liver failure, spinal cord failure and other ailments can show up later.
Autoimmune disorders
Autoimmune disorder appears when the immune system attacks the tissues of the body. It has established a link between some of these disorders and a higher risk of NHL. But only a small number of cases of NHL are related to autoimmune disorders. We can treat people with an autoimmune disorder with immunosuppressive drugs, which could also contribute to an increased risk of NHL.
The following autoimmune disorders are related to the NHL.
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic disease that damages the salivary glands and lacrimal glands, which makes a very dry mouth and dry eyes. It can affect other organs and parts of the body, including the joints, muscles, nerves, lungs, kidneys, liver, pancreas, stomach, brain and the thyroid gland. This syndrome is related to the marginal area lymphomas that appear in the salivary glands or other locations, such as the stomach or lung. It is also associated with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Rheumatoid arthritis causes inflammation of the joints accompanied by pain and stiffness. It can also cause inflammation in other organs, including the eyes, lungs and heart. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with diffuse large cell B and lymphoplasmocytaire Lymphoma lymphoma.
The disseminated lupus erythematosus (LED, or lupus) can cause inflammation of skin, joints, blood vessels and nervous system from different parts of the body. It can also affect internal organs such as the heart, lungs and kidneys. The LED is related to diffuse large B cell lymphoma.
Celiac disease damages the small intestine so as to interfere with the normal absorption of nutrients from food. People with this disease are an immune reaction to gluten--a protein found in wheat, rye and barley. Celiac disease is linked to an increase in the risk of a rare type of lymphoma T called a (e-AWB) enteropathy-associated T lymphoma.
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland and reduces the function of this gland (hypothyroidism). Symptoms of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis include fatigue, mild pain, constipation, dry skin, and depression. It creates a higher risk of primitive thyroid lymphoma.
Certain infections
Viral and bacterial infections following can increase the risk of NHL. They can damage cells or constantly stimulate the immune system so that it does not work properly.
The virus of Epstein-Barr (EBV) is a type of herpes virus that causes Infectious Mononucleosis, also called mono or the kissing disease. The VEB is linked to Burkitt lymphoma and Lymphoma that reach people whose immune system is weakened by HIV or AIDS or immunosuppressive drugs. The VEB is also related to some other types of cancer. This virus and Burkitt Lymphoma occur most often in Africa.
Human T-lymphotrope virus type 1 (HTLV-1) increases the risk of appearance of the adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. It most commonly manifests itself in the South of the Japan and the Caribbean.
Helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) is a type of bacteria that causes stomach ulcers and inflammation of the stomach lining called gastritis. It is related to the gastric lymphomas, especially to a type of lymphoma that affects the stomach and called Lymphoma of the lymphoid tissue associated with mucous membranes, or MALT lymphoma. The bacterium h. pylori also increases the risk of stomach cancer.
The herpes-virus related to Sarcoma Kaposi (HVSK) is also called herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) human. It has a link with the primitive Lymphoma of PEL, the body cavity lymphoma and Lymphoma related to AIDS.
The virus of hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) virus form 2 groups of viruses that can cause liver inflammation called hepatitis. People who have HCV or HBV infection are at greater risk of developing certain types of NHL.
Campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is a type of bacterium that can cause gastrointestinal (GI) infections. It is related to a type of lymphoma called mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue Lymphoma, MALT lymphoma.
Previous treatment
People who received chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy, to treat another type of cancer are at greater risk of developing NHL. This is particularly true for those who were treated for Hodgkin lymphoma. But the benefits of the treatment of cancer usually prevail largely on the risk of developing a secondary cancer.
The risk of NHL is higher during the first 5 years following treatment. But people who have been treated for cancer are more likely to be met with NHL the rest of their lives.
Exposure to lindane
Studies have shown that exposure to lindane is increased the risk of NHL. Lindane is an over-the-counter medication used to treat lice and scabies.
Possible risk factors
It has established a certain link between the following factors and the NHL, but there is not enough evidence to say that they are known risk factors. We have to do more research to clarify the role of these factors in the development of the NHL.
Family history of NHL
Generally not considered NHL as a family disease, i.e. which appears in families more often than what is expected by chance. However, some studies have found a higher risk of NHL in people with a parent in the first degree (father, mother, brother or sister, child) has been diagnosed with lymphoma. We need further studies to determine the risk of NHL in a person having a parent in the first degree who has been reached.
Exposure to pesticides
Pesticides include a large number of different chemicals, some of which may be associated with the risk of NHL. According some studies, exposure to certain pesticides, such as agent Orange and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), could be linked to an increased risk of NHL. Since the data are not consistent, more research is needed to help clarify the possible link between pesticides and cancer and to identify which of these increase the risk of NHL.
Exposure to trichloroethylene
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a mainly used solvent to remove grease from metal. Some studies have suggested that exposure to TCE may increase the risk of NHL.
Power
The link between the NHL and the food is very complex. Researchers are trying to know if supply can increase the risk. Some studies suggest that a diet rich in meat, dairy products and saturated fat may increase the risk of NHL. Other studies have shown that a diet low in vegetables increases the risk of NHL.
Obesity
Some studies suggest that obesity may increase the risk of NHL, particularly large B-cell lymphoma.
Dyes
Studies have shown an increased risk of NHL in people who used dyes for hair before 1980. Current dyes chemical composition differs from that used prior to 1980, some of the harmful components having been removed since. The risk affects people who used permanent dyes, especially dark. This risk can also be higher in stylists and barbers who were exposed to hair dyes to work.
Occupational exposures
A number of studies are indications that some jobs involve a higher risk of NHL. Affected industries include agriculture, rubber, wood and forestry, printing and welding. Researchers have not identified specific exhibitions to explain this risk. We need to do more research.
Unknown risk factors
We can't yet determine whether exposure to ionizing radiation is related to the NHL. It is perhaps because researchers are unable to definitively establish this link or that studies have produced different results. There are more studies to see if the ionizing radiation is a risk factor for NHL.
People who have survived a nuclear accident or the atomic bomb during World War II were exposed to a large amount of ionizing radiation. People who are treated by radiation therapy are exposed to a small amount of ionizing radiation. Medical imaging, such as radiography, also resorted to very small doses of ionizing radiation.
Questions to ask your healthcare team
In order to make the right decisions for you, ask questions about the risks to your health care team.
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